Wednesday, August 18, 2021

「大」喇叭與「小」喇叭

一般所謂喇叭的大與小的分別, 主要是外型給人的感覺為主。體積大的喇叭,容易給人有價值感,自然可以訂出較高的價位。所以,從前面的討論,可以自然的推導出,各廠都要想法做出更高大的喇叭,來得到多方面的利益。而大型喇叭之可以賣得貴,主要是「硬體為上」,「船堅炮利」的思維在主導的價值觀。從外箱的成本看來,大喇叭是會用比較多的材料與做工。從發聲單體來看,主要是比較大,數目比較多,分頻線路可能複雜一些。但相對於較小型的喇叭,其售價究竟是否等比例而且合理地反應這些成本差異,是值得思考的問題。

而大型喇叭,除了視覺上「有份量」的效果之外,在音質上的優勢在哪裡呢?主要在於低頻的響應,與產生大音量的能力。喇叭的箱體大,可以提供低頻單體足夠的空氣容量,得到良好的延伸。用了較大較多的單體或號角,就能發出大音壓而不會有失真的狀況。但是就像所有的工程問題一樣,世界上並不存在完美解決所有面向的方案。得到這些好處,就必然要付出一些其它方面的代價。例如箱體大,就容易使發出的聲波產生繞射。大型的音箱容易共振,就必須增加箱體厚度/質量來抑制,但這樣又會吸收能量,使得效率減低,造成後級擴大機的負擔。此外,使用大的單體,錐盆質量較高,就會有運動/停止相對遲緩的現象。多單體的話,又難以讓所有單體同時開始/結束運動。而且多音路的設計,分頻線路在分頻點附近一定會有相位失真等問題存在。因此,大喇叭用儀器測量起來,在一些關鍵數據上通常會比小喇叭差些。

還有一點要考慮的是,把高大的喇叭擺在小房間,要面臨的不只是視覺突兀或常見的低頻問題。特別是單體之間有相當間隔的喇叭,一定要有足夠的聆聽距離,各單體發出的聲波才會在接近一致的時間點到達耳朵。否則肯定會有先天上無法解決的相位不一致/時間差的問題,不可能得到最佳化的效果。


將立體唱頭改成mono唱頭?

 

立體聲唱頭播放mono唱片,在技術上完全沒有問題。那為何還要用mono唱頭?有些資深的「專家」說是廠方賺錢的噱頭,有些則信誓旦旦說一定要用mono唱頭才會有最佳音質。

從數據方面來看,用標準的1kHz正弦波mono測試訊號,用同型唱頭的立體聲與mono版本分別去測量,mono唱頭的THD失真數據會低很多。另外的好處是,從理論推測與聽感驗證,唱片的表面雜音會比較少。這些效應,都是由於mono唱頭只感應水平向的針尖運動,使得失真與雜音量減低。

坊間有些師傅把立體聲唱頭裡頭的線圈串接起來,說是變成mono唱頭,其實除了輸出電壓增加,垂直向的針尖運動還是會感應出訊號,因此並沒有以上所說的兩個優勢。

Sunday, April 19, 2020

MC Phono Stage with Large Capacitance Load

(中文在後)Most MC phono stages do not offer variable capacitance loads. Even when they do, like my Tom Evans Groove+ SRX2, only offer values in the pF range. This phono stage from Chord is quite unique in providing an option to add 2.2uF to any impedance value. And such a large capacitance load indeed helps smooth the high frequency response of a typical MC cartridge, which was not observed before with pF-range values.
絕大多數MC唱放不提供調整電容負載,即使有,像我的Tom Evans唱放,可調值最大才到幾百pF。雖聽得出差別,但測量頻響時看不出差異。這台Chord唱放竟然可以在任何阻抗值,選擇加或不加2.2uF的大電容值。而在實際測量時真的看到,加了之後可以將MC唱頭高頻常見的上揚現象予以抑制。

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Saturday, January 4, 2020

(中文在後)
The effects of getting the natural resonance point of a cartridge/arm combo within the optimal 8 to 12Hz range, are demonstrated here not only just to avoid tracking issues with warped records, etc., but also clearly lowers the IMD distortion. Human ears are very sensitive to IMDs and such an obvious change will definitely alter the sound quality significantly.
控制唱頭/唱臂的低頻共振點,不只是要避免唱片不平或低頻音染的問題。在這唱臂測試過的唱頭都顯示,加質量(這裡用黏土)將共振點降到10Hz的最理想值,可以將IMD失真顯著地改善。人耳對IMD極敏感,如此大的數值差,一定會造成明顯的聽感差異。

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Monday, December 23, 2019

Relationship between Cartridge Alignment and Channel Separation

(中文在後)
Chart#1 shows the azimuth adjustment process of a cartridge mounted with stylus at about 2mm off the optimal alignment position. Chart#2 is with precise alignment to the Loefgren B IEC formula. One can see the overall channel separation resulting in more than 3dB of differential.

有知名音響網紅曾說裝唱頭時,因為可用的切線很多種,隨便裝也沒關係。這裡的實驗顯示,調整精確與否,明顯影響到唱頭的分離度。圖1是針尖與最佳狀態的點差了約2mm時,調整azimuth的過程。圖2是精確地對準Loefgren B IEC 的點且針桿平行於線。可以看到整體分離度有3dB以上的差別。





Monday, November 18, 2019

AC noise from elevator

(中文在後)
AC noise generated from the building's elevator moving, is quite visible from Chart#2 compared to the baseline Chart#1. The so called "EMI Meter" from Green Wave also reports up to 1000mV of noise compared to the baseline's 46mv. Unfortunately, no AC filter including the one from Green Wave, or even an ISO transformer can block such noise.
建物裡的電梯動作時產生的電源污染,可以從比較兩個附圖裡看出。那個號稱測EMI的錶,也顯示超過數百甚至上1000的數值,比平靜時46高出很多。而且所有的濾波裝置,甚至隔離變壓器,對這種頻段的雜訊似乎都沒什麼效果。


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Thursday, November 7, 2019

Tracking Ability of an Old Decca Cartridge

(中文在後)The Decca family of cartridges are often said to have poor tracking ability. In fact, with proper anti-skate force, at least in standard tests they track better than many MC cartridges. But when they mis-track, the distortions are more offensive to ears. Here in the first spectrum chart taken when running a typical tracking test, the old SC4E shows the typical Decca-family behavior of having higher 3rd harmonic distortion which is less pleasant than the 2nd. This is just the opposite of most other cartridges. In the second chart, the SC4E is put through the maximum signal strength of +18dB and it still manages to play through the whole track with manageable distortion levels, better than many MC cartridges.
許多人說 Decca系列唱頭循軌不好。其實如果抗滑設定對,至少在標準循軌測試,會比許多MC唱頭的循軌表現好。主要問題是,它們的三次諧波失真比二次高,這與大多數唱頭相反。耳朵會比較容易聽到奇次失真,所以容易察覺它微小的循軌問題。第1個頻譜圖是正常強度的測試,顯示這典型Decca唱頭的失真行為。第2個圖是用最強的+18dB訊號測試,顯示這個老唱頭還可以相當穩定的唱完,而且整體失真還不差,不像一些MC唱頭會出現很不堪的波型。

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